Hyphodontia

John Eriksson emend. E. Langer 1994, Bibl. Mycol. 154: 16.

Typus generis:

H. pallidula (Bres.) John Eriksson, Symb. Bot. Ups. 16(1): 101.

Basionym: Peniophora pallidula (Bres.) Bres. ap. Bourd. et Galz.

Holotype: in herb. Bresadola (FH)

(image) illustration of H. pallidula

History

Key

Typical morphological characters

Download a color photo of a basidiocarp growing in nature (JPEG, 77 K).

Basidia and Spores
Cystidia Hyphal branching

Reference list for Hyphodontia
General reference list

John Erikssons original latin description

(John Eriksson 1958, Symb. Bot. Ups. 16(1): 101.)
"Genus Hymenomycetorum corticioideum et hydnoideum, generi Hyphodermati affnis set differt basidiis minoribus, fructificationibus fibrosis et hyphis angustioribus."

Emended latin description

(E. Langer 1994, Bibl. Mycol. 154: 16.)
"Genus Homobasidiomycetum. Carposomata effusa, resupinata, laevia, odontioidea vel poroidea, putreficatio alba provocunt. Hyphae, tenui-tunicatae vel crassi-tunicatae, 2-5 ╡m in diametro, ramificatio tridentis late diffundi dicto hyphodontioidea. Septa hypharum fibulata vel efibulata, doliporis parenthesomatibus continuis perforata. Hyphae cultura pura drepanocystidia vel malocystidia proferrunt. Cystidia sunt diversa: Tramacystidia crassi-tunicata vel tenuitunicata; cystidia hymenio nascantur, capitata, subulata, lageniformia, margaritaria, hastiformia. Basidia cylindracea vel suburniformia, ca. 10-35 x 3-5 ╡m. Basidiosporae globosae, ellipsoideae, cylindraceae vel allantoideae, tenui-tunicatae vel crassitunicatae, laevis vel verruculosae, uniguttulatae, ca. 2,5-10 x 1,5-5 ╡m."

English description

Basidiocarps: resupinate.
Hymenium: smooth, odontioid, irpicoid, poroid.
Basidia: suburniform (utriform).
Spores: with one droplet each, smooth, warted, thin-walled, thick-walled, globose, ellipsoid, allantoid, inamyloid.
Cystidia: thin- or thick-walled tramacystidia, capitate cystidia, septocystidia, subulate cystidia, moniliform cystidia.
Hyphae: thin-walled, thick-walled, with or without clamps, monomitic, skelettoid, pseudodimitic.
Hyphal branching: subseptal outgrowing and outgrowing of clamps (hyphodontioid).
Pure culture: heterothallic tetrapolar, producing .
Dolipores: .
Annotation: Allthough the characters "drepano- and malocysts" and "dolipores with continuous parenthesomes" are very important for delimitation, they are not practical for use in determinations of basidiocarps. Therefor it is required to work with a sum of characters by means of comparative morphology, which can only be documented by detailed of the entire micromorphology of the basidiocarp.

German description

Fruchtkörper: resupinat.
Hymenium: glatt, odontioid, irpicoid, poroid.
Basidien: suburniform (utriform).
Sporen: mit je einem Tropfen, glatt, warzig, dünnwandig, dickwandig, globos, ellipsoid, allantoid, inamyloid.
Cystiden: dünn- oder dickwandiger Tramacystidena, kopfige Cystiden, Septocystiden, subulate Cystiden, moniliforme Cystiden.
Hyphen: dünnwandig, dickwandig, mit oder ohne Schnallen, monomitisch, skelettoid, pseudodimitisch.
Hyphenverzweigung: subseptales Ausewachsen und Auswachsen von Schnallen (hyphodontioid).
Reinkultur: heterothallisch tetrapolar, and Reinkulturhyphen.
Doliporen: .
Bemerkung: Obwohl die Merkmale "Drepano- und Malocysten" und " Doliporen mit kontinuierlichen Parenthesomen" sehr wichtig für die Gattungsabgrenzung sind, können sie für die praktische Artbestimmung nicht benutzt werden. Deshalb ist es notwendig bei der Bestimmung mit einer Summe von Merkmalen zu arbeiten. Diese vergleichende Morphologie kann nur durch eine umfassende Dokumentation mit erfolgen.

Species list

Go to a species list with links

H. abieticola (Bourd. & Galz.) John Eriksson
H. adhaerispora E. Langer
H. alba Wu
H. alienata (Lund.) John Eriksson
H. altaica Parm.
H. alutacea (Fr.) John Eriksson
H. alutaria (Burt) John Eriksson
H. apacheriensis(Gilb. & Canf.) Hjortst. et Ryv.
H. arguta (Fr.) John Eriksson
H. aspera (Fr.) John Eriksson
H. barba-jovis (Bull.: Fr.) John Eriksson
H. brevidens (Pat.) Ryv.
H. breviseta (Karst.) John Eriksson
H. capitata (Boid. & Gilles) Hjortst.
H. candidissima (Berk. & Curt.) E. Langer
H. cineracea (Bourd & Galz.) John Eriksson & Hjortst.
H. crustosa (Pers.: Fr.) John Eriksson
H. curvispora John Eriksson & Ryv.
H. detritica (Bourd.) John Eriksson
H. efibulata John Eriksson & Hjortst.
H. fimbriata WU
H. floccosa (Bourd & Galz.) John Eriksson
H. gossypina (Parm.) Hjortst.
H. griselinae (G.H. Cunn.) E. Langer
H. halonata John Eriksson & Hjortst.
H. hastata (Litsch.) John Eriksson
H. hastifer Hjortst. in herb.
H. juniperi (Bourd & Galz.) John Eriksson & Hjortst.
H. knysnana (van der Bijl) Reid
H. lanata Burds. & Naks.
H. latitans (Bord. & Galz.) E. Langer
H. microspora John Eriksson & Hjortst.
H. mollis Wu
H. nespori (BRES.) John Eriksson & Hjortst.
H. niemelaei Wu
H. nothofagi (G.H. Cunn.) E. Langer
H. nudiseta Warc. & Talb.
H. orasinusensis Gilb. & Blackw.
H. pallidula (Bres.) John Eriksson (typus generis)
H. palmae (Rick) E. Langer
H. propinqua Hjortst.
H. pruni (Lasch.) John Eriksson & Hjortst.
H. quercina John Eriksson
H. rimosissima (Peck) Gilb.
H. sambuci (Pers.) John Eriksson
H. serpentiformis E. Langer
H. spathulata (Schrad.: Fr.) Parm.
H. subalutacea (Karst.) John Eriksson
H. subglobosa Wu
H. tenuicystidiata Hjortst. & RYV.
H. tetraspora (Rattan) Hjortst.
H. tomentosa (Berk. & Curtis) Hjortst.
H. wrightii Hjortst. & Ryv.

In Hyphodontia emend. E. LANGER not accepted species

(E. Langer 1994, Bibl. Mycol. 154: 16)
Hyphodontia comptopsis Burds. & Nakas. 1981, Mycologia 73(3): 460.
Hyphodontia crassa Chen & Lin 1977, Proc. Nat. Sci. Council Rep. China 10: 267.
Hyphodontia dimorpha Lin et Chen 1990, Taiwania 352: 84.
Hyphodontia formosana Wu & Burds. in Wu 1990, Ann. Bot. Fenn. 142: 91.
Hyphodontia lutescens Hjortst. et Ryv. 1986, Mycotaxon 25(2): 558.
Hyphodontia pilaecystidiata (Lund.) John Eriksson 1958, Symb. Bot. Upsal. 16 (1): 104.

Ultrastructural data

Dolipores have continuous parenthesomes (Langer et Oberwinkler 1993, E. Langer 1994), bars 0.25 ╡m each.

a) H. sambuci, b) H. pallidula, c) H. griselinae

Image: E. Langer 1994. Die Gattung Hyphodontia John Eriksson. Bibl. Mycol. 154: 238.

Molecular data

Nuc rDNA of the ITS2 region is sequenced at the moment by E. Langer(ewald.langer@uni-tuebingen.de) using primers ITS 1F, ITS 4B, ITS 3 (Gardes & Bruns 1992).

Pure cultures

Heterothallic tetrapolar:

Studies on culture and mating behavior have been done by Boidin (1951, 1961, 1965), Lentz et McKay (1976), Stalpers (1978), Hassan (1981), Hassan et David (1983), Hallenberg (1983), Nakasone (1990) . All hitherto investigated Hyphodontia species have been found to have a heterothallic terapolar mating system.

Malocysts, Drepanocysts

A) Malocysts, B) Drepanocysts

These structures occure on hyphae in pure culture (common malt medium).

Taxonomy

Hyphodontia was conserved against older names .

Synonyms:
Grandinia Fr. 1838, Epicr. Syst. Mycol. 527.
Lyomyces P.Karsten 1881, Rev. Mycol. (toulouse) 3(9): 23.
Kneifiella P.Karsten 1889, Bidrag Kännedom Finnlands Natur Folk 48: 371.
Chaetoporellus Bond. & Sing. 1944, Mycologia 36: 67.

Intrageneric concepts

This is a possible phylogeny proved by bootstrap pasimony analysis . Representative species of the genus were selected. The colored clades indicate apomorphies.
There are 2 sister groups within Hyphodontia: One posessing only tubular tramacystidia and the other showing capitate cystidia plus a variety of other cystidial types. Within the clade having lagenocystidia there are also species belonging to genera with more advanced basidiocarps: Schizopora and Echinoporia .

History

The corticioid genus Hyphodontia was decribed by John Eriksson in 1958 (Eriksson, 1958) from a group of species previously refered to Corticium Fr., Peniophora Cooke, Odontia Fr. and Radulum Fr. Hyphodontia was delimited in the original descrition from Hyphoderma Wallr. em. Donk by having smaller basidia, fibrous basidiocarps and narrower hyphae. Together with cellular illustrations of the entire micromorphology of the basidiocarps this somewhat weak description was convincing enough for a delimitation against Hyphoderma. Many authors accepted Hyphodontia (e.g. (Telleria, 1980), (Burdsall, 1981), (Wu, 1990) and as a consequence of the wide use of that name it was conserved against Grandinia Fr., Lyomyces P.Karsten, Kneifiella P.Karsten and Chaetoporellus Bond. & Sing (Gams, 1993). Another striking delimiting character against Hyphoderma was found by (Langer, 1993). Hyphodontia species have dolipores with continuous parenthesomes whereas Hyphoderma species have dolipores with perforated parenthesomes. (Langer, 1994) monographed all hitherto validly described species on worldwide scope including the genera Schizopora Velen. and Echinoporia Ryv. comprizing species with higher evolved basidiocarps which are found to be closely related to Hyphodontia. Drepanocyst (Hassan, 1983) are a unique character occuring on hyphae in pure culture of all hitherto investigated species of Hyphodontia and Schizopora e.g. (Nakasone, 1990), (David, 1992).

Important general publications for Hyphodontia

Gams, W. 1993. Report of the Committee for fungi and lichens: 3. Taxon 42: 112-118.
Eriksson, J. 1958. Studies in the Heterobasidiomycetes and Homobasidiomycetes - Aphyllophorales of Muddus National Park in North Sweden. Symb. Bot. Ups. 16(1): 1-172.
Hassan, K.F., David, A. 1983. Studies on the cultural caracterization of 16 species of Hyphodontia Eriksson and Chaetoporellus Bond. and Sing. ex Sing. Sydowia 36: 139-149.
Hjortstam, K. 1983. Studies in the genus Hyphodontia (Basidiomycetes) I. Hyphodontia John Erikss. sectio Hyphodontia. Mycotaxon. 17: 550-554.
Langer, E., Oberwinkler, F. 1993, Corticioid Basidiomycetes I. Morphology and Ultrastructure. Windahlia in press.
E. Langer 1994, The genus Hyphodontia John Eriksson. Bibl. Mycol. 154: 1-298.

Ewald Langer
ewald.langer@uni-tuebingen.de(ewald.langer@uni-tuebingen.de) - 15. Nov. 1995